A survey american history twelfth edition outlines

Or two witnesses must testify to the overt act of the treason. The family will not be tried. In England the government tried the entire family so that they could get the familys land. Section 1 o Full faith and credit.

Marriage, drivers licenses etc. Doesnt apply to gay marriage yet. Section 2 o Criminals who flee states shall be tried in the state s in which the respective crime s were committed.

Section 3 o New States can enter the union, but they must give up their territorial claims. Once the territory reaches a population of 60,, it can apply to become a state and Congress loses power over them. Section 4 Copyright by Ryan OShea. The United States guarantees a republican form of government. The United States will protect states from invasion. Referring to Shays rebellion. The government still owes pre-existing debts from before the war.

National law rules over States, which have their own, weaker, laws. No religious tests are required to hold an elected office. Edmund Randolf didnt sign the constitution even though he proposed the Virginia Plan. No established religion. Freedom of speech and press. The right to peaceably assemble and petition government. Two interpretations: o The right to bear arms for the militia.

No quartering of troops. No search and seizure without probable cause and specific warrant. Right to trial by jury. Grand Jury determines the legitimacy of the case through evidence given by the accuser. You have the right to know your crime. Right to an attorney. You can have witnesses. Jury is the determiner of facts. No excessive bail required.

No cruel and unusual punishment. Other rights aside from those listed may exist, and just because they arent listed doesn't mean they can be violated.

Any powers not given to the central government go to the states and people of the states. Calhoun later proposed special conventions for states to decide on constitutionality if government accepted nullification, it could repeal the law or pass constitutional amendment if government didn't accept nullification, states could secede. April 30, - purchase finalized Americans had no authority to make the purchase, but they did anyway Jeff called it his "Empire of Liberty" new land would be populated by yeoman farmers had to ignore the unconstitutionality of the acquisition only a few Federalists opposed Jeff won election in landslide against Charles C.

Maryland was the Bank of US constitutional? McCulloch was chief cashier at branch of Bank of US Maryland tried to tax the notes of that branch of the Bank Marshall ruled that states don't have power to tax power to tax is power to destroy Maryland claimed that Bank was unconstitutional Marshall ruled that Bank was constitutional Jackson ignored decision Gibbons v.

Ogden New York awarded charter to Fultons steamboat company to ferry people across the Hudson Who had authority over the Hudson? Peck legislature tried to void a contract on basis that it was granted by bribing Marshall ruled that contracts were finalno state has the right to impair the obligation of a contract Dartmouth v. Moral issue of slavery. Calhoun anonymous outlined why tariffs were bad, and set up a procedure for nullification Special convention would be called, and could nullify an act of the federal government, if they believed that that act was unconstitutional if federal government wouldnt comply, then state had option to secede South Carolina nullified the Tariff Adams decided to get an amendment to the constitution to make the Tariff constitutional Election of o Andrew Jackson nominated by Democrats were differentiating themselves from National Republicans Democrats stand for average working man depicted Adams as an aristocrat o mudslinging campaign on both sides Jackson is a murderer and adulterer!

Coffin Handbill last of people that Jackson had killed in duels Jacksons wife Rachel Rachels divorce proceedings werent over when she married Jackson Jackson never forgave Adamss supporters, because Rachel died shortly after campaign. Andrew Jackson Thursday, February 03, AM inaugurated very humbly like Jefferson o Jackson was frail o got mobbed with people people came to worship their hero followed him down Pennsylvania Avenue, into the White House got the people out by putting whiskey on the lawn Joseph Story, associate Justice of Supreme Court "My God, King Mob has arrived.

Jackson supported the Spoils System people who stay in office too long become corrupt kept most people in office anyway hated the idea of monopoly especially if government granted special privileges o strong presidency president was only person elected by all the people o Jackson was a common man in the eyes of the people Jackson's Presidency o Maysville Road Veto Jackson vetoed a road in the West, because he thought internal improvements were unconstututional West wanted internal improvements; South thought they were a waste; Northeast already had infrastructure Northeast: Industrialists vs.

Jackson looks straight at Calhoun: "Our Federal Union, it must be preserved. President, next to liberty, most dear. Bank's charter ends , survived in PA until Jackson wanted country to be debt free by , government had a surplus Distributed the surplus to the states for internal improvements Species Circular upset that so much paper money was used to purchase government land land sales dropped dramatically.

Booze started packaging his whiskey in log cabin bottles - "booze" o Democrats stuck with Van Buren "Stick with Marty and everything will be OK". Blacks in New York fighting for the same jobs Garrison imprisoned in Boston because mobs wanted to lynch him Eliza Lovejoy - abolitionist in Illinois lynched northern businessmen hated that the movement was stirring up the south abolitionist victories: - Prigg v.

Dew John C. Seward asked Sen. Brown from Mississippi why they supported slavery social reasons: whites were superior, abolishing would rob whites of their status abolitionism didn't succeed. Campaign of o issue of the Panic had subsided o main issue was manifest destiny o Democrats nominated James K. Austin bought thousands of acres of land in Texas planted cotton, which thrived Americans who came to Texas brought their slaves with them - Mexican gov't banned slavery, banned further American immigration Americans freed slaves, signed them as indentured servants Americans hoped that Mexicans would give them home rule didn't happen Santa Anna becomes president of Mexico rejected home rule began policy of centralizing Mexican control over Texas The Alamo group of Americans in San Antonio occupy an abandoned Spanish mission, The Alamo Copyright by Ryan OShea.

Calhoun Oregon Britain and USA have joint ownership over Oregon Territory - renegotiated, agreed that if anything were to change, one side would have to give one year's notice during s, 4 native americans show up in St. Louis said they were from the Willamette Valley, heard about a powerful new God that the white man has triggered missionaries s - missionaries reporting back that the Willamette Valley is beautiful, a garden of eden by end of s, hundreds of Americans migrating over 5, by Oregon Trail carved out in St.

O'Sullivan coined the phrase manifest destiny Manifest Destiny elements of racism superiority of whites geography - God would have put mountains James K. Polk o very successful o Jacksonian one-term president, wasn't concerned with reelection would veto any bill for a National Bank reinstated independent treasury system fought against protective tariffs true democrat o Oregon was 1 priority met Richard Packenham of GB gave GB their one years notice that they would not renew the agreement Packenham didn't even relay message to London Polk was willing to compromise, only get up to the 49th parallel, not what the expansionists wanted "Fifty-four Forty or Fight!

Pennsylvania caused passage of personal liberty laws which allowed Northern states to refuse to comply with the Law o Henry Clay's Compromise of "omnibus bill" didn't pass Stephen A. Pro slavers went on the offensive in May Attacked the free soil capitol Burned hotel, destroyed presses, harassed townspeople Retaliatory raid John Brown Saw himself as an agent of God Heard about the raid of Lawrence God willed him to retaliate Snuck into a small settlement made of log cabins Pottawatomie Creek Dragged 5 unsuspecting citizens out of their cabins Hacked them to pieces with broadswords Brown touched off a civil war in Kansas Over died in the conflict "Bleeding Kansas" Fighting in Kansas reflected in the halls of congress Sen.

Butler, Sen. Lee led Marines into Harper's Ferry, captured Brown and his men before he died: "The crimes of this land cannot be purged but by blood. Freemont ran against him Hero of the Mexican American war First republican candidate "Freemont and Free Soil" A very sectional party Couldn't hope to win the election o Whigs had ceased to exist Some supported the Republicans Others supported Millard Fillmore, running as a No Nothing Anti catholic, anti immigrant party o There was really no contest in the election Buchanan carried every single state south of the Mason Dixon Was inclined to support the south as a result Dred Scott v.

Sanford o Dred Scott was a slave of John Emerson Was in the army, took Scott with him into free states o Scott sued for his freedom as he had resided in a free state Missouri courts disagreed o Mrs. Emerson remarried Under Missouri law her property was transferred to her eldest male sibling, Sanford Lived in New York Scott would be freed Sanford decided to use as a test case o SCOTUS agreed to hear case Taney made two decisions Scott was not a citizen, had no standing in court Missouri compromise was unconstitutional Reasoning was the 5th amendment Life, liberty, property could not be taken away without the due process of law Congress could not deny someone their property rights o Buchanan supported the Dred Scott decision Put Douglass on a collision course with his president Was a supporter of the now unconstitutional popular sovereignty Would split the party Was up for reelection Abe Lincoln went up against Douglass Lincoln o Was well known in Illinois, not nationally o Was well respected o Born in in Kentucky Dire poverty Father a drifter Brought the family into Indiana then Illinois Copyright by Ryan OShea.

President: Jefferson Davis VP: Capital: Mongomery, Alabama Buchanan did nothing some states said that if the gov't attacked the the CSA, they too would secede Lincoln says nothing until he's sworn in Inaugural Address Secession is illegal, because the Union is older than the Constitution I have no interest in ending slavery goal of the civil war is to save the union.

Black Emancipation Proclamation meant even more fighting over the same jobs Civil War o first deaths were in Baltimore a few days after the fall of Sumpter Mass. Beauregard people camped and picnicked to watch the battle Union almost won, but were stopped by regiment commanded by Thomas Jackson Bernard Bee nicknamed Jackson "Stonewall" Union forces panic army trying to flee via the roads the civilians are leaving on chaos prevented Beauregard from following the Union army wasted opportunity to march to Washington Battle of Bull Run shocked the nation convinced people that it would be a long war Lincoln completely reorganized the army replaced McDowell with George B.

Grant became a drunk right before the war, war saved him Nashville Union Grant takes it easily first Confederate capitol to fall Grant's target was Corith, Mississippi major railroad hub Shiloh Union Albert S. Johnston moves troops to intercept Grant before he could get to Corinth caught Grant's troops by surprise Union forces rolled back Grant didn't arrive until late in the afternoon, when the soldiers finally begin to hold Johnston killed, led to Union victory Grant couldn't follow up his victory Shiloh Peninsula Campaign Copyright by Ryan OShea.

McClellan's amphibious campaign toward Richmond first objective was to win the Chesapeake C. Virginia chases off almost the entire Union Navy iron-sided ship U. Monitor arrived to take on the Virginia resulted in a draw; neither could sink the other C. Hunley becomes the first modern submarine sank on first mission , troops under McClellan's command he trained them way too cautious McClellan kept overestimating the Confederates was provided with bad intel Battle of Fair Oaks Joseph Johnston wounded at Fair Oaks, replaced with Robert E.

Lee Lee takes advantage of McClellan o. Total War make war against the enemy's civilians, not their troops destroy infrastructure railroads, bridges, crops, cattle Savannah Sherman orders that Savannah not be torched South Carolina Sherman showed no mercy North Carolina.

George B. McClellan ran for Democrats calling for negotiated peace first good news since Gettysburg. Richmond falls due to fall of Petersburg in April Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House April 9, Lincoln assassinated 5 days after surrender o. Johnson campaigned against the 14th backfired often showed up drunk, attacked Republicans Thaddeus Stevens - one of the leader of the Radicals in the House Charles Sumner - leader of Radicals in Senate Republicans much more radical, thanks to Johnson wanted to punish the South Tennessee readmitted, because it was the only to ratify the 14th Democrats nominate Horatio Seymour Republicans nominate Ulysses S.

Duke owned American Tobacco Company cigarettes replaced cigars because price of tobacco was so high coal fields discovered around Birmingham, Alabama used by steel mills there railroad mileage doubled New South was more fiction by , Southern industry was at the exact same level as before the war Ulysses S. Grant o unprepared for the presidency o greatest weakness: trusted his friends brought in his friends to staff key cabinet positions o corruption Whiskey Ring o Copyright by Ryan OShea.

Hayes R vs. Sam Tilden D o Tilden was regarded as honest ended the Tweed Ring - a corrupt political machine in New York City o Hayes also regarded as corruption-free o Tilden seems to win the election wins popular vote 20 electoral votes disputed Tilden needed only one, Hayes needs them all o Compromise of 4 states where electoral votes in dispute 19 were in the South Republicans in the South resubmit the 19 votes in favor of Hayes Constitution never said who should count the votes Senate would give it to Hayes, House would give it to Tilden special commission set up 15 men 7 D, 7 R, 1 independent the independent, David Davis, resigns replaced with a Republican commission votes to give vote to Hayes Compromise Southerners would get a position on the Cabinet internal improvements in the South all remaining Federal troops in the south would be withdrawn.

Ferguson Homer Plessy challenges that public places could be segregated e. Turner's Back to Africa movement didn't have the money o Booker T. Taylor - founder of scientific management urged employers to reorganize production by subdiving tasks make tasks so simple that unskilled laborer could routinely do the task would speed up production, lower costs, reduce necessity for skilled laborers led to the Assembly line Henry Ford introduced AL into plant in cut production time drastically could raise wages, cut price Railroad Expansion o Railroad was principal agent of industrial expansion in late 19th century both demanded industry to build, and gave access to distant markets for other industrialists o altered concepts of time until s, no standard method of keeping time created 4 time zones Railroads created standardized time o tycoons: Vanderbilt, James J.

Hill, Collis P. Huntington o railroads did more for corporations than tycoons The Corporation o limited liability - investors can only lose their investment, not everything you own o after Civil War, corporations became dominant form of business organization o Copyright by Ryan OShea. Pennsylvania Railroad was one of first major corps Andrew Carnegie opened his steelworks in Pittsburgh in - sold Carnegie steel to J.

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